{"id":736,"date":"2023-04-18T18:53:40","date_gmt":"2023-04-18T17:53:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/noisetools.net\/users\/?page_id=736"},"modified":"2025-06-30T11:20:46","modified_gmt":"2025-06-30T10:20:46","slug":"user-guide","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/noisetools.net\/users\/de\/user-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Den Leitfaden lesen"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nachfolgend finden Sie das Benutzerhandbuch, das Sie w\u00e4hrend der Verwendung des Tools einsehen k\u00f6nnen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id='dbmap_guide_summary'><\/div>\n<div id='dbmap_guide_content'>\n\n<div class=\"guide_content\">\n<div id=\"guide_page_intro\" class=\"page\" data-id=\"intro\">\n\t<h2>Introduction<\/h2>\n\t<div class=\"panels\">\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_what_is\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3>What is the dBmap.net Noise Mapping Tool?<\/h3>\r\n<p>The dBmap.net Noise Mapping Tool is for modelling external sound propagation, calculating decibel levels from sources of environmental and industrial noise and the screening effects of barriers, buildings and terrain.<\/p><p>This is a web app for learning and implementing the methods of noise mapping guidance, including ISO-9613 and CNOSSOS-EU, and for creating interactive models that are easy to share and freely accessible.<\/p>\r\n<p>Please read through this guide. <a href=\"javascript:window.print()\">You can print this page<\/a> and you can access it again at any time from within the <b class=\"feature_title\">Global Settings<\/b> sidebar.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">\r\n<span data-svg=\"youtube\" data-vw=\"40\" data-w=\"40\">\r\n<\/span>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/playlist?list=PLnF-GVqkxSIFZCf3R7VyZKVLbcitLwuTY\">\r\nVideo tutorials on Youtube\r\n<\/a>\r\n<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\"><h3>Software that runs in the browser<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"withicon\">\r\n<div class=\"icon\" data-svg=\"url\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"text\">\r\n<p>All settings are stored in the URL. This is updated every time you make a change.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/dbmap\/images\/dbguide_example_url2.png\" width=\"640\" height=\"100\" style=\"width:320px; height:auto;\" alt=\"\">\r\n<p>Save your model by bookmarking the page or share the link. <a tabindex=\"0\" data-linkto=\"sharing\">Click here for more information<\/a>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"withicon\">\r\n<div class=\"icon\" data-svg=\"back\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"text\">\r\n<p>The browser back button will \"undo\" changes.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\"><h3>Computer requirements<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"http:\/\/browsehappy.com\/\">Any up-to-date web browser<\/a>. Calculation times will depend on the processing power of your device.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_sign_up\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This tool is free to use.  Some features are only available when you are logged into a user account with a valid subscription.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"guide_page_start\" class=\"page\" data-id=\"start\">\n\t<h2>Get started<\/h2>\n\t<div class=\"panels\">\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\"><h3>Configure your model<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"withicon\">\r\n<div class=\"icon tool_icon\" data-svg=\"settings\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"text\">\r\n<p>The top-right button is where you can access the <b class=\"feature_title\">Global Settings<\/b> sidebar panel. Here you will find all the options for your model including configuration settings based on the calculation parameters of the noise mapping guidance.<\/p>\r\n<p>In there you will also find the button to open up this guide.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_toolbar_buttons\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_calculating\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3>Calculating levels<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"withicon\">\r\n<div class=\"icon tool_icon active\" data-svg=\"calc_on\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"text\">\r\n<p>Calculations are automatically run whenever a change is made to the model.  You can temporarily pause this process by clicking the top-left button.<\/p>\r\n<p>To stop these calculations permanently, under <b class=\"feature_title\">Global Settings<\/b> change <b class=\"feature_title\">Display<\/b> to <span class=\"feature_title\">\"Noise map off\"<\/span>.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_multithread\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4 data-svg=\"rapid\" class=\"sub_only\">\r\nMulti-thread calculations\r\n<\/h4>\r\n<p>You can speed up calculations by enabling <b class=\"feature_title\">multi-thread calculations<\/b>.  This will utilise more cores of your CPU for faster processing.<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\"><h3>Keyboard Shortcuts<\/h3>\r\n<p>A list of all the keyboard shortcuts can be viewed <a href=\"https:\/\/noisetools.net\/users\/keyboard-shortcuts\/\" target=\"_blank\">by visiting this page<\/a>\r\n<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"guide_page_sharing\" class=\"page\" data-id=\"sharing\">\n\t<h2>Saving and sharing<\/h2>\n\t<div class=\"panels\">\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\"><h3>How to save the model<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"withicon\">\r\n<div class=\"icon\" data-svg=\"url\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"text\">\r\n<p>Your model is stored in the browser location bar URL. Bookmark the web page and it will save your model exactly as it is.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/dbmap\/images\/dbguide_example_url2.png\" width=\"640\" height=\"100\" style=\"width:320px; height:auto;\" alt=\"\">\r\n<div class=\"withicon\">\r\n<div class=\"icon\" data-svg=\"star\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"text\">\r\n<p>Remember to create a new bookmark or update the old one whenever you make any further changes.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\"><h3>Stored in your browser history<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"withicon\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"icon\" data-svg=\"back\"><\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"text\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Each change you make creates a new entry in your browser history, which means you can undo your changes simply by hitting the back button or going back through the history.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_url\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3>Sharing the model<\/h3>\r\n<p>As with saving, you can share the link and other users can view your model exactly as you have set it up at that moment.  Their browser may be different and may recalculate at a different speed but the results will be the same.<\/p>\r\n<h3>The URL is too long!<\/h3>\r\n<p>Click the <b class=\"feature_title\">Short URL<\/b> button in <b class=\"feature_title\">Global Settings<\/b>.  This will use our server database to store your configuration and automatically convert it to a short URL.<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_snapshots\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"sub_only\">Snapshots<\/h3>\r\n<p>Subscribers can take <b class=\"feature_title\">Snapshots<\/b>, storing the model with the date and a thumbnail.  Snapshots can also be given a name.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>What about sharing to non-subscribers?<\/h3>\r\n<p>Users who are not logged-in or do not have a valid subscription will not be able to access the subscription-only features, however any line sources and ground heights that you have added to the model will still be included.<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_saves\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"sub_only\">Local Storage<\/h3>\r\n<p>The default method of storing your model is in the URL. If your model has too many objects for this method then you will be given a prompt to switch to Local.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"withicon\">\r\n<div class=\"icon\" data-svg=\"offline\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"text\">\r\n<p>\r\n<b class=\"feature_title\">Local Storage<\/b> uses the web browser site data (similar to the cache) and is better for handling complex modelling.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p>Use the table below to decide which method is the correct option: <\/p>\r\n<table class=\"comparison_table\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>&nbsp;<\/th>\r\n<th>\r\n<span data-svg=\"url\">\r\n<\/span>URL\r\n<\/th>\r\n<th>\r\n<span data-svg=\"offline\">\r\n<\/span>Local<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Best for?<\/th>\r\n<td>Sharing simple models between devices.<br>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>Complex modelling, e.g. detailed topography.<br>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Does this work with browser bookmarks (or favourites)?<\/th>\r\n<td>\r\n<span data-svg=\"tick\">\r\n<\/span>\r\n<strong>Yes<\/strong>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<span data-svg=\"cross\">\r\n<\/span>\r\n<strong>No<\/strong>\r\n<br>\r\nSave a <b class=\"feature_title\">Local Snapshot<\/b> or backup to .dbmap file instead.\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Can you share the URL?<\/th>\r\n<td>\r\n<span data-svg=\"tick\">\r\n<\/span>\r\n<strong>Yes<\/strong>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<span data-svg=\"cross\">\r\n<\/span>\r\n<strong>No<\/strong>\r\n<br>\r\nShare the backup file instead.\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Is the <span class=\"feature_title\">Snapshot<\/span> saved in the User Account?<\/th>\r\n<td>\r\n<span data-svg=\"tick\">\r\n<\/span>\r\n<strong>Yes<\/strong>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<span data-svg=\"cross\">\r\n<\/span>\r\n<strong>No<\/strong>\r\n<br>\r\n<span class=\"feature_title\">Local Snapshots<\/span> are lost when browser site data is cleared!\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Are offline images stored with the <span class=\"feature_title\">Snapshot<\/span>?<\/th>\r\n<td>\r\n<span data-svg=\"cross\">\r\n<\/span>\r\n<strong>No<\/strong>\r\n<br>\r\nUpload the image to your User Account or reload it when prompted.\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<span data-svg=\"tick\">\r\n<\/span>\r\n<strong>Yes<\/strong>\r\n<br>\r\nThe image is also stored in the .dbmap backup file.\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_export\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3>Export results<br>\r\n<\/h3>\r\n<p>In the <b class=\"feature_title\">Global Settings<\/b> sidebar there are various <b>Export<\/b> options:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\r\n<h4 class=\"sub_only feature_title\">Report (PDF) \r\n<\/h4>\r\n<p>Generate a PDF of the noise model based on the active mode and current view. Includes tables and charts of receiver levels, spectrums and breakdown of sources.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<h4 class=\"feature_title\">Image (PNG)<\/h4>\r\n<p>Download an image of the noise map. Subscribers export higher resolution images. To download the Cross Section, Ground Heights or 3D view, activate this mode first.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<h4 class=\"feature_title\">Receiver calculations in detail (CSV)<br>\r\n<\/h4>\r\n<p>Create a comma-separated file to load into spreadsheet software. All objects are detailed in full and each receiver has a detailed list of sources including calculation breakdown.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li id=\"guide_target_export_file\">\r\n<h4 class=\"feature_title\">Export file (and import)<\/h4>\r\n<p>There are various formats to save modelling objects to a file and all these file formats can also be imported. The <b>JSON<\/b> file format is recommended as it includes the full configuration of all global and object settings.  A Google Map object is required for <b>GeoJSON<\/b> compatibility and for the <b>KML<\/b> format option, as these use latitude and longitude coordinates.  The <b>DXF<\/b> file format is for CAD and other drawing software.  \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>There is also the option to export object heights as <b>Absolute<\/b>, where the relative height is combined with the ground height.  This option also includes adding roof ridges as line objects.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_complexity\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3>Complex modelling<\/h3>\r\n<p>Complex modelling scenarios may result in long calculation times.  Importing very large files is not recommended as browser behavior may become slow and unresponsive.<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"guide_page_inspect\" class=\"page\" data-id=\"inspect\">\n\t<h2>Inspecting the model<\/h2>\n\t<div class=\"panels\">\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_inspect\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3>Inspecting the sound path<br>\r\n<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"withicon\">\r\n<div class=\"icon object_icon\" data-svg=\"obj_rr\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"text\">\r\n<p>A ray-receiver illustrates the sound paths considered:<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"examples\">\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"diag_num\">1<\/span> Direct paths from all sources<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"diag_num\">2<\/span> <strong>Black dots<\/strong> mark barrier intersections<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"diag_num limit\">3<\/span> <strong class=\"limit\">Red dots<\/strong> indicate the barrier attenuation limit has been reached on some or all of the frequency bands (when the limit is enabled)<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"diag_num grey\">4<\/span> <strong class=\"grey\">Grey dots<\/strong> indicate that the barrier does not shadow the receiver and is below the line of sight<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"diag_num\">5<\/span> When set to <strong class=\"feature_title\">\"waves\"<\/strong> the rays will illustrate the wavelength of the source. When set to <strong class=\"feature_title\">\"rays\"<\/strong> for octave band levels, each dash represents one single frequency band<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"diag_num\">6<\/span> <strong>Reflected paths<\/strong> when reflections are enabled and screens are considered as reflecting.  In the example, not all frequency bands are reflected causing gaps in the dashed line<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"diag_num vert\">7<\/span> Paths considered around <strong class=\"vert\">vertical edges<\/strong> of screens are illustrated in <span class=\"vert\">blue<\/span> (when enabled in settings)<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"diag_num\">8<\/span> Curved rays under <strong>favourable<\/strong> conditions <small>(CNOSSOS-EU)<\/small>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/dbmap\/images\/dbguide_example_rays4.png\" width=\"1200\" height=\"600\" style=\"width:auto; height:auto;\" alt=\"\">\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_states\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"sub_only feature_title\">Compare two scenarios \r\n<\/h3>\r\n<p>Calculate the difference in level between two configurations of your model. When activated the following options will appear:<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"withicon\">\r\n<div class=\"icon tool_icon active\" data-svg=\"statea\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"text\">\r\n<h4 class=\"feature_title\">Default scenario<\/h4>\r\n<p>Edit the model as usual.<br>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"withicon\">\r\n<div class=\"icon tool_icon active\" data-svg=\"stateb\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"text\">\r\n<h4 class=\"feature_title\">Alternative scenario<\/h4>\r\n<p>Create a different setup for the objects and settings in the model. <\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"withicon\">\r\n<div class=\"icon tool_icon active\" data-svg=\"atob\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"text\">\r\n<h4 class=\"feature_title\">Change between scenarios<\/h4>\r\n<p>View the difference in level when switching to the alternative scenario. <\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h4>The configuration of the following objects can be compared:<\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Point, line and other sources<\/li>\r\n<li>Barriers and buildings<\/li>\r\n<li class=\"feature_title\">Global settings (environmental settings, barrier attenuation and reflections)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Object position and ground height topography is fixed and <strong>cannot<\/strong> be compared.<br>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/dbmap\/images\/dbguide_example_compare_states_table3.png\" width=\"680\" height=\"220\" style=\"width:340px; height:auto;\">\r\n<p class=\"caption\">View all the differences in a table<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_ground\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"sub_only\">Ground height topography \r\n<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"withicon\">\r\n<div class=\"icon tool_icon\" data-svg=\"mode1\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"text\">\r\n<p>Ground height objects are only visible in <b class=\"feature_title\">Ground Height<\/b> mode.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"iconlist\">\r\n<h4>Ground height objects<\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h4>Triangulation and screening ground<\/h4>\r\n<p>Ground height is triangulated using the height points and lines. The ground is sloped in locations where only two height points are available.<\/p>\r\n<p>When <b class=\"feature_title\">\"Draw ground height triangulation and screening\"<\/b> is selected in the <b class=\"feature_title\">Global Settings<\/b>, the resulting ground height triangles are drawn onto the noise map and the edges that can cause screening are highlighted in white.<\/p>\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/dbmap\/images\/dbguide_example_groundheights_2.png\" width=\"600\" height=\"360\" style=\"width:300px; height:auto;\" alt=\"\">\r\n<p class=\"caption\">Screening ground is highlighted in white<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_inspecth\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3>Barrier heights over sloping ground<\/h3>\r\n<p>When placed on sloping ground, the model considers one end of a flat barrier or one corner of a building as the reference point for the height.<\/p>\r\n<p>When in <b class=\"feature_title\">Ground Height<\/b> mode each building and barrier has a basic wireframe of the 3D shape to illustrate the difference in height at each point.<\/p>\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/dbmap\/images\/dbguide_example_wireframe3_2x.png\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" style=\"width:250px; height:auto;\" alt=\"\">\r\n<p class=\"caption\">Example of the building wireframe in Ground Height mode<\/p>\r\n<h4>Change the height reference point <span class=\"img_number_ref\">1<\/span>\r\n<\/h4>\r\n<p>Hover over the object and <span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click<\/span> the center point to shift the reference point to the next available location.<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_section\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"sub_only\">Cross section \r\n<\/h3>\r\n<h4>Mapping the vertical plane<\/h4>\r\n<div class=\"withicon\">\r\n<div class=\"icon tool_icon\" data-svg=\"mode2\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"text\">\r\n<p>\r\n<b class=\"feature_title\">Cross Section<\/b> mode allows you to slice through your model and see the vertical location of objects.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/dbmap\/images\/dbguide_example_section3_2x.png\" width=\"500\" height=\"280\" style=\"width:250px; height:auto;\" alt=\"\">\r\n<p class=\"caption\">Example of the cross section line<\/p>\r\n<p>Points within the 1m capture area <span class=\"img_number_ref\">1<\/span> and objects that intersect the section line <span class=\"img_number_ref\">2<\/span> will be shown.<\/p>\r\n<p>Click the line to reverse the direction <span class=\"img_number_ref\">3<\/span>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<h4>Pop-up window<\/h4>\r\n<p>Control the cross section <b>height<\/b> by dragging the top edge of the pop-up window.<\/p>\r\n<p>Dragging either side of the window will rescale the cross section noise map.<\/p>\r\n<h4>Control object display<\/h4>\r\n<p>The <span class=\"svg\" data-svg=\"eye\" data-w=\"20\" data-h=\"18\" data-vw=\"40\">\r\n<\/span> eye icon will show the projection of all objects and sound rays.<br>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>The <span class=\"svg\" data-svg=\"grid\" data-w=\"20\" data-h=\"18\" data-vw=\"20\" data-vh=\"16\">\r\n<\/span> noise map icon will toggle displaying the horizontal noise map height.<\/p>\r\n<h4>Quick-select a cross section<\/h4>\r\n<p>Click on the following to quickly set the cross section to fit:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Barrier\/Building face or 1m facade (depending on settings). This also sets the cross section height to match<\/li>\r\n<li>Sound ray drawn by a ray-receiver<\/li>\r\n<li>Accessory line<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_inspect3d\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"sub_only\">3D view \r\n<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"withicon\">\r\n<div class=\"icon tool_icon\" data-svg=\"mode3\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"text\">\r\n<p>View your model in 3D space in a pop-up window<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/dbmap\/images\/dbguide_example_3d_view.png\" width=\"960\" height=\"620\" style=\"width:450px; height:auto;\" alt=\"\">\r\n<p class=\"caption\">Example of the 3D view<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"withicon\">\r\n<div class=\"icon object_icon\" data-svg=\"target\" data-vw=\"60\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"text\">\r\n<p>The <b>Compass<\/b> indicates the direction of view. <span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click<\/span> to reset the view orientation.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p>\r\n<b>Rotate the view<\/b> either with the <span class=\"svg\" data-svg=\"view_se\" data-w=\"20\" data-vw=\"20\">\r\n<\/span> set direction buttons or <span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click and drag<\/span> the window using your mouse.<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n<b>Navigate<\/b> from the main area using the Pan tool or by repositioning the 3D view center point. Alternatively, use the <span class=\"key_or_mouse\">right button<\/span> or <span class=\"key_or_mouse\">arrow keys<\/span> in the pop-up window.<\/p>\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/dbmap\/images\/dbguide_example_3d_target4.png\" width=\"360\" height=\"280\" style=\"width:200px; height:auto;\" alt=\"\">\r\n<p class=\"caption\">Center point shown in the main window<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"withicon\">\r\n<div class=\"icon\" data-svg=\"z_elevate\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"text\">\r\n<p>The view <b>altitude<\/b> can be matched to the noise map height or raised and lowered with the up and down buttons.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p>\r\n<span class=\"svg\" data-svg=\"grid\" data-w=\"20\" data-vw=\"20\">\r\n<\/span> <span class=\"svg\" data-svg=\"section\" data-w=\"20\" data-vw=\"20\">\r\n<\/span> Toggle displaying the horizontal and vertical noise maps.<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"guide_page_soundpower\" class=\"page\" data-id=\"soundpower\">\n\t<h2>Sound levels for sources<\/h2>\n\t<div class=\"panels\">\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\"><h3>What is a sound power level?<\/h3>\r\n<p>Sound level meters measure a \"sound <strong>pressure<\/strong> level\" (Lp), which is a decibel value for the sound level experienced at a location.<\/p>\r\n<p>The source of sound itself is calculated with a \"sound <strong>power<\/strong> level\" (Lw). This is a decibel value that represents the <em>total acoustic output<\/em> radiated. <\/p>\r\n<p>They both contain frequency and amplitude information, but the difference is that a sound power level does not include distance information.<\/p>\r\n<h4>Using measurements<\/h4>\r\n<p>Sound power levels can be determined from measurements taken with a sound level meter.  There is guidance for this, for example ISO 3740 (machinery) and ISO 8297 (industrial plants).<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\"><h3>Calculating a sound power level<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>If you have a distance included with your decibel level, the decibel figure may represent a sound pressure level.  You can use this to calculate the sound power level using the following calculator.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"calculator\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4>Sound pressure to sound power calculator<\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"lw_calculator\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t...\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_spectrum\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3>Frequency information<\/h3>\r\n<div id=\"guide_target_broadband\">\r\n<h4>Broadband Levels<\/h4>\r\n<p>Use the <span class=\"feature_title\">\u201cBroadband\u201d<\/span> level option if you have only a single decibel figure representing the total sound power.  The source will be calculated at 500Hz, as instructed in ISO9613-2, and the level will be assumed to match the <span class=\"feature_title\">\u201cA-weighting\u201d<\/span> global setting with no additional weighting applied to the result.<\/p>\r\n<p>CNOSSOS-EU does not provide an official method for the propagation of broadband sound levels.<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n<strong>Spectrum graphs are not available with broadband sources.<\/strong>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h4>Octave Bands<\/h4>\r\n<p>The scope of the noise guidance only covers the octave bands 63&nbsp;Hz to 8&nbsp;kHz. The <b>31.5&nbsp;Hz<\/b> and <b>16&nbsp;kHz<\/b> octave bands are not officially supported but are made available in the model for use, utilising the parameters of the adjacent octave band where necessary.<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_weighting\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"feature_title\">A-weighting<\/h3>\r\n<p>Apply A-weighting to the spectral results of calculations.<\/p>\r\n<p>This setting will not affect <b class=\"feature_title\">Broadband<\/b> sources, which are a single total value that is assumed to be weighted the same as the global <b class=\"feature_title\">A-weighting<\/b> setting.<\/p>\r\n<p>If there are no broadband sources in the model, this setting will also appear in the receiver and ray receiver tables to be applied temporarily, without modifying the global setting.<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_linesource\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"sub_only\">Sound energy from line sources \r\n<\/h3>\r\n<p>For a point source, sound radiates in a sphere and the \"sound power level\" represents the total sound energy. A line source radiates as a cylinder along the section lengths. <\/p>\r\n<p>The sound power level is usually considered by the sound energy per meter of length for line sources, or per square meter for area sources. Therefore, the sound power values are different to a point source and are not directly interchangeable.<\/p>\r\n<p>When the model calculates a line or area source, it divides the object into smaller segments with a point source at the center of each and a level proportional to the size of this segment. Use a ray-receiver to inspect this behavior.<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_levelsmethod\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"feature_title\">Levels option<\/h3>\r\n<p>When <b>dB\/m<\/b> is selected, the sound power levels are applied to every meter of the source, or square meter for area sources. As the source is increased in size, the total sound energy emitted also increases.<\/p>\r\n<p>If <b class=\"feature_title\">Total dB<\/b> is selected, the sound energy per meter is determined by first calculating the length (or area) of the source.  Regardless of the size of the source, the total sound energy emitted will always be the same.<\/p>\r\n<p>For buildings, <b class=\"feature_title\">Total dB<\/b> is also affected by the <b class=\"feature_title\">Surface Source<\/b> setting.  For example, when <span class=\"feature_title\">\u201cAll surfaces emit as one source\u201d<\/span> is selected, the total area will be of the four walls and the roof together. <span class=\"feature_title\">\u201cRoof and walls are separate sources\u201d<\/span> will calculate the four walls as a single surface area. If <span class=\"feature_title\">\u201cEdit each surface individually\u201d<\/span> is selected, the <span class=\"feature_title\">Total dB<\/span> will be based on the area of that surface only. <\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_surfacesource\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"sub_only\">Building surfaces as an area source<\/h3>\r\n<p>The surface of a four-sided building can be configured to act as an area source with the following options:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>All surfaces of the building act as a single source <span class=\"img_number_ref\">1<\/span>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>The four walls are different to the roof <span class=\"img_number_ref\">2<\/span>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>All four walls are configured separately <span class=\"img_number_ref\">3<\/span>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/dbmap\/images\/dbguide_surface_source2.png\" width=\"1200\" height=\"560\" style=\"width:450px; height:auto;\" alt=\"\">\r\n<p class=\"caption\">Illustration of surface sources<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\"><h3>Leq or Lmax?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Useful for modelling sound sources that are not consistent, the <strong>Leq<\/strong> or \"equivalent continuous sound level\" is a single value that represents the equivalent amount of energy in a given period for a fluctuating source as if it were a steady continuous noise level.  For this reason the Leq is always accompanied with a reference to the length of time that it represents.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>The <strong>Lmax<\/strong> is a maximum level (based on the standard time-weightings: fast, slow or impulse) and is useful for modelling the peak of a noise source, such as a vehicle pass-by.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_time_periods\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3>Time periods and combining sources<\/h3>\r\n<p>Sources of noise can be of any time period, depending upon the data source for the sound levels.<\/p>\r\n<p>The tool models the propagation of the sound energy and therefore the time period of the result is based on the input. When inputting a mixture of noise sources, these are combined to a single level using decibel addition.  However, not all sound levels should be combined in this way, especially statistical levels (LA10, LA90, etc.) of intermittent sound sources. Therefore, it\u2019s important to check the time period and type of sound level are compatible when combining different types of noise.<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_baseline\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"sub_only\">Baseline Levels<\/h3>\r\n<p>The \u201cBaseline\u201d feature is for applying a decibel value to the noise map and to individual receivers.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\r\n<strong>Shown as a marker:<\/strong> the baseline levels are only used for illustration in the receiver spectrum graphs.<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<strong>Added as a source:<\/strong> the baseline levels are added to the calculation using decibel addition, as if it were an existing sound level.<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<strong>Applied as a minimum threshold:<\/strong> the baseline levels are used whenever the calculated level is lower.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>An asterisk <b>*<\/b> indicates baseline levels are in effect. A double asterisk <b>**<\/b> indicates custom receiver baseline levels are in effect.<\/p>\r\n<h4>Background noise<\/h4>\r\n<p>It is not recommended to use the baseline levels feature for modelling background or ambient noise.  <strong>Background noise usually cannot be modelled.<\/strong>  This is because it is not a type of noise consisting of discrete sources of known distance nor can it be accurately represented by the same decibel level in all locations.<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"guide_page_params\" class=\"page\" data-id=\"params\">\n\t<h2>Method in detail<\/h2>\n\t<div class=\"panels\">\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_iso_method\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"feature_title\">General Calculation Method:<\/h3>\r\n<p>There are two methods available for calculating sound propagation:<\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>\r\n<strong>ISO9613-2:2024<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Worldwide standard.\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>Recommended for most users.\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<strong>CNOSSOS-EU:2020<\/strong><ul>\r\n<li>EU standard.\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>Slower calculation time due to analysing the shape of the ground and buildings along the sound path.\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p>The two methods differ only for:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\r\n<strong class=\"feature_title\">Ground effect:<\/strong> attenuation due to ground absorption and reflection.<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<strong class=\"feature_title\">Barrier effect:<\/strong> attenuation due to diffraction, around the edges of screening obstacles.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_groundfactor\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3>Ground Factor<\/h3>\r\n<p>Sound waves will be reflected or absorbed by the ground depending upon the frequency of the sound wave and how porous the ground is (indicated by the <b class=\"feature_title\">\"Ground Factor\"<\/b> value G). The barrier attenuation formula also accounts for ground effects.<\/p>\r\n<p>The following values are suitable for&nbsp;<strong>ISO9613-2<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>For \"Hard Ground\" G = 0. Hard ground reflects sound waves. Examples include roads, tamped ground at industrial sites, concrete, paved areas, water, ice.<\/li>\r\n<li>For \"Soft Ground\" G = 1. Soft ground is porous and absorbs sound waves. Examples include farming land, grass, trees and other vegetation.<\/li>\r\n<li>For \"Mixed Ground\" use a value for G between 0 and 1 that represents the fraction of the ground that is soft.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>For <strong>CNOSSOS-EU<\/strong> the following table is provided:<\/p>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>\r\nDescription\r\n<\/th>\r\n<th>\r\nG\r\n<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\nVery soft (snow, moss\u2010like)\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n1\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\nSoft forest floor (short, dense heather\u2010like, thick moss)\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n1\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\nUncompacted, loose ground (turf, grass, loose soil)\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n1\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\nNormal uncompacted ground (forest floors, pasture field)\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n1\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\nCompacted field and gravel (compacted lawns, park area)\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n0.7\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\nCompacted dense ground (gravel road, car park)\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n0.3\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\nHard surfaces (most normal asphalt, concrete)\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n0\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>\r\nVery hard and dense surfaces (dense asphalt, concrete, water)\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n0\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_graph\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4>Plot the ground factor results<\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"Ag_graph\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t...\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_barrier\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3>Barrier Attenuation<\/h3>\r\n<p>The ISO9613-2 guidance specifies that a screening obstacle meets the following requirements:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>The surface density is at least 10&nbsp;kg\/m\u00b2<\/li>\r\n<li>The surface is without large cracks or gaps<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div id=\"guide_target_iso_limit\">\r\n<h4 class=\"feature_title\">Apply barrier attenuation limit<\/h4>\r\n<p>Screening objects (barriers, buildings and raised ground) will reduce the sound level through attenuation due to diffraction. The guidance states that this reduction in any octave band should be limited, but it is possible to disable this limit to see what effect it has on the final levels.<\/p>\r\n<p>The limit is as follows:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\r\n<strong>ISO9613-2:<\/strong> 20dB in the case of a single diffraction edge or 25dB for multiple.\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<strong>CNOSSOS-EU:<\/strong> 25dB in all cases.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_iso_check\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"feature_title\">Barrier perpendicular dimension &gt; wavelength <small>(ISO9613-2)<\/small>\r\n<\/h4>\r\n<p>Following the method in ISO9613-2, a barrier is only considered to be screening if the horizontal dimension perpendicular to the source-to-receiver line is greater than the wavelength.<\/p>\r\n<p>Disable this check to explore the unusual effect it causes.  For example, when moving around a barrier its apparent width decreases and there will be a point where this drops below the wavelength of the source and the barrier will no longer be considered to be screening.<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\"><h3>Screening Ground<\/h3>\r\n<div id=\"guide_target_groundscreen\">\r\n<h4>Ground as a barrier<\/h4>\r\n<p>Raised ground levels will behave as a barrier based on the setting in the <b>Global Settings<\/b> sidebar.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p><p><a tabindex=\"0\" data-linkto=\"#ground\">Read here for more information about inspecting ground level screening<\/a>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"guide_target_iso_ground\">\r\n<h4>Screening ground reflections <small>(ISO9613-2:1996)<\/small><\/h4>\r\n<p>In the older ISO9613-2:1996, ground effects were removed by the insertion of a barrier. A later set of guidelines (ISO17534-3:2015) recommended to remove only the attenuation due to ground absorption.  The checkbox for <b class=\"feature_title\">\"Do not screen ground reflections\"<\/b> adds this recommendation. <\/p>\r\n<p>This option is applied to ISO9613-2:2024 as it has become part of the new method.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_verticaledge\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"feature_title\">Vertical edge diffraction<\/h3>\r\n<p>When enabled, lateral paths around vertical edges are found within a flat plane inclined along the direct source-to-receiver line.<\/p>\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/dbmap\/images\/dbguide_example_vertical_edges2.png\" width=\"860\" height=\"640\" style=\"width:450px; height:auto;\" alt=\"\">\r\n<p class=\"caption\">Illustration of the inclined source-to-receiver plane<\/p>\r\n<h4>Vertical edges must be shadowing<\/h4>\r\n<p>A barrier edge is effective even when not screening, for example an observer looking over the top of a wall. This model only accounts for such a situation along the top edges.  Vertical edges are only considered when you are in the shadow of the barrier.<\/p>\r\n<h4>Inspect the sound paths<\/h4>\r\n<p>It is recommended to use a ray-receiver to inspect vertical paths and decide yourself the importance of these diffracted levels. <a tabindex=\"0\" data-linkto=\"inspect\">Read here for more information on using the ray-receiver<\/a>\r\n<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\"><div id=\"guide_target_lateral\">\r\n<h4>Lateral paths from only point sources?<\/h4>\r\n<p>By omitting the lateral paths from line, area and road sources, calculations are significantly faster often with a minimal change to the results.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"guide_target_convex\">\r\n<h4 class=\"feature_title\">Convex path option<\/h4>\r\n<p>The lateral path method can be configured to only consider \"convex\" paths that curve in a single direction and do not zig-zag.<\/p>\r\n<p>Convex paths are the recommended option.<\/p>\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/dbmap\/images\/dbguide_example_convex_path2.png\" width=\"520\" height=\"280\" style=\"width:300px; height:auto;\" alt=\"\">\r\n<p class=\"caption\">Convex path illustration<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"guide_target_laterallimit\">\r\n<h4 class=\"feature_title\">Limit distance&nbsp;<small>(ISO9613-2)<\/small>\r\n<\/h4>\r\n<p>ISO17534-3 recommends that lateral paths are limited to vertical edges within the range of the most distant horizontal edge multiplied by 8, with respect to distances from the direct source-to-receiver line. In complex models, applying this recommendation will improve calculation times considerably.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\"><div id=\"guide_target_reflections\">\r\n<h3 class=\"feature_title\">Reflections<\/h3>\r\n<h4>Reflecting surfaces\r\n<\/h4>\r\n<p>When <b class=\"feature_title\">First and Second<\/b> reflections are enabled in the settings, any barrier or building wall can reflect the sound path. This is configured by the <b class=\"feature_title\">coefficient<\/b> setting, with the option to apply a <strong>single<\/strong> value to all frequency bands or specify the value for each octave band in the <strong>spectrum<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<p>Barrier attenuation along the reflected path is also considered up to the height of the reflecting screen.<\/p>\r\n<div id=\"guide_target_rc\">\r\n<h4 class=\"feature_title\">Reflection and absorption<\/h4>\r\n<p>The reflection coefficient (\u03c1) is equal to 1 minus the sound absorption coefficient (\u03b1) of the reflecting surface; \u03c1&nbsp;=&nbsp;1&nbsp;-&nbsp;\u03b1<\/p>\r\n<p>If the surface absorption is not known then the default reflection coefficient of 0.9 is recommended for building facades and surfaces of industrial facilities (ISO9613-2:2024)<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h4 class=\"feature_title\">Reflected level in dB<\/h4>\r\n<p>This is the reduction in level applied to the original sound level based on the chosen reflection coefficient.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h4>Phase interference<\/h4>\r\n<p>Any constructive or destructive interference between the direct and reflected sound paths is not accounted for in the modelling results.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_iso_surface\">\n\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"feature_title\">Reflector surface size check<\/h4>\r\n<p>The reflection method of ISO9613-2 compares the size of the surface to the wavelength of the sound, using a formula that also considers the angle of incidence and sound path length.<\/p>\r\n<p>CNOSSOS-EU has a fixed limit of 0.5m effective length being a minimum in both the horizontal and vertical.<\/p>\r\n<p>Disable this check to see the result when reflections are always considered for a vertical surface regardless of its size.<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_groundfactor_roof\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3>Roof reflections<\/h3>\r\n<p>Unlike building walls that can create new sound paths in the tool, the reflection effect of roof surfaces is applied as part of the ground effect calculation using the <b class=\"feature_title\">\"Ground Factor\"<\/b> (G) value.<\/p>\r\n<p>There is an option in the sidebar to specify that <b class=\"feature_title\">\u201cRoof surfaces differ\u201d<\/b> allowing for a different G value to be applied to all roof surfaces.<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\"><div id=\"guide_target_iso_facade\">\r\n<h3 class=\"feature_title\">Facade (1m)<\/h3>\r\n<p>A \"facade\" measurement is usually taken at 1 meter perpendicular distance from a large reflecting surface.  It is an industry standard for measurements to be later adjusted to a free-field measurement, one that is outside of the range of influence of reflecting surfaces.<\/p>\r\n<p>By enabling this all buildings and barriers will show a dashed line illustrating the 1m facade location.  Reflections are only considered at distances beyond this line. Additionally, receiver points will be kept outside of this area when being positioned.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_temperature\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3>\r\n<span class=\"feature_title\">Temperature<\/span> and <span class=\"feature_title\">humidity<\/span>\r\n<\/h3>\r\n<p>These values are only used for the atmospheric attenuation part of the calculation. <br>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>They should be based on average values of ambient weather relevant to the local area. Typical values are 10, 15 or 20\u00b0C temperature and 70% humidity. <\/p>\r\n<p>The effect on the overall level is usually quite small with changes becoming more noticeable at higher frequencies and longer distances.&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p>The atmospheric attenuation value can be inspected using the export <b class=\"feature_title\">\"Receiver calculations in detail\"<\/b> feature. <\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_pct_favourable\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3>Favourable <small>(CNOSSOS-EU)<\/small>\r\n<\/h3>\r\n<p>CNOSSOS-EU has a method for two atmospheric conditions:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\r\n<strong>Favourable:<\/strong> The speed of sound increases with altitude. The sound rays are curved towards the ground due to downward-refraction.\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<strong>Homogeneous:<\/strong> The atmosphere has a constant speed of sound at all altitudes. The sound rays are straight.\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>In the <b>\"Global Settings\"<\/b> specify the percentage of favourable conditions to be used in the calculation. The remaining will be considered homogeneous. For unfavourable conditions, where the sound rays are curved upwards, these should be included with homogeneous.<\/p>\r\n<p>Due to the curved shape of sound paths in favourable conditions, some objects will no longer be reflecting or screening compared to homogeneous conditions. <a tabindex=\"0\" data-linkto=\"inspect\">Use the ray-receiver to inspect this behaviour<\/a>\r\n<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_zones\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"sub_only\">Attenuation Zones<\/h3>\r\n<div id=\"guide_target_zones_f\">\r\n<h4>Foliage <small>(ISO9613-2 only)<\/small>\r\n<\/h4>\r\n<p>Estimate the attenuation from trees and the vegetation of a forest.<\/p>\r\n<p>The <b>Simplified Method<\/b> is for foliage dense enough where it is impossible to see a short distance through. Downwind propagation is approximated by a curved path of radius 5km.<\/p>\r\n<p>Light, Normal and Dense Forest options were added to the guidance in 2024 and use intersection paths angled at 15\u00b0 instead of the curved path.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"guide_target_zones_i\">\r\n<h4>Industry <small>(ISO9613-2 only)<\/small>\r\n<\/h4>\r\n<p>This estimates the small amount of attenuation due to scattering from installations and other objects, not accounted for by the building and barrier objects in the model. Downwind propagation is approximated by a curved path of radius 5km.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_road_method\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"sub_only\">Road Traffic Prediction<\/h3>\r\n<div id=\"guide_target_road_prediction\">\r\n<h4>Prediction method<\/h4>\r\n<p>Choose the method for estimating the road traffic noise, using the types of vehicles and road surface.<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n<strong>ISO9613-2<\/strong>, the default propagation method, does not include any method for predicting noise from roads.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"guide_target_road_propagation\">\r\n<h4>Propagation method<\/h4>\r\n<p>\r\nAlong with estimating the sound level, the guidance includes a method for calculating the propagation of the road noise.<\/p>\r\n<p>The road traffic propagation method may give different results compared to the general propagation method. By selecting <b class=\"feature_title\">Use \"General Method\" Propagation<\/b>, the road is modelled as a line source with the same ground effect, barrier screening and reflection calculations as other sources.<\/p>\r\n<p>This can be used for consistency when combining roads with other sources of noise.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\"><div id=\"guide_target_road_flow\">\r\n<h4>Traffic flow and lanes<\/h4>\r\n<p>\r\nTraffic lanes can be calculated automatically by specifying directionality.  Applying a direction also determines the road gradient (uphill\/downhill).  Traffic counts always apply to the entire road and not just a single lane; use separate objects for different counts per lane.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nThe <b class=\"feature_title\">\u201cOpen\u201d<\/b> setting is a simplified option for single lane, bi-directional roads.<\/p>\r\n<p>No variability of speed is considered for hill gradients or vehicle pass-by.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"guide_target_road_lefthand\">\r\n<h4>Left-hand traffic<\/h4>\r\n<p>If the traffic drives on the left side of the road then this checkbox will correctly orient two-way (bi-directional) roads.  This is the case in many countries including UK, Australia, India and Japan.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_road_cno\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3>Road Method: CNOSSOS-EU (European Union)<\/h3>\r\n<h4>\r\nUsing this prediction method<\/h4>\r\n<p>CNOSSOS-EU generates a spectral sound level in the 63&nbsp;Hz to 8&nbsp;kHz octave bands as a 1&nbsp;hour Leq value.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<div id=\"guide_target_road_cno_type\">\r\n<h4>Road Surface<\/h4>\r\n<p>The road surface types are listed in the guidance:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>The reference surface is an average of dense asphalt concrete and stone mastic asphalt.<\/li>\r\n<li>ZOAB is a type of porous asphalt, commonly used on highways.<\/li>\r\n<li>SMA (Stone Mastic Asphalt) is commonly used for urban roads.<\/li>\r\n<li>The other types of road surface are more specialised and less commonly used.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"guide_target_road_cno_class\">\r\n<h4>Vehicle Class<\/h4>\r\n<p>There are four classes of vehicles:<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"iconlist\">\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\r\n<div class=\"withicon\">\r\n<div class=\"icon\" data-svg=\"veh1\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"text\">\r\n<h5 class=\"feature_title\">Light vehicles<\/h5>\r\n<p>Cars, vans \u2264&nbsp;3,500&nbsp;kg, SUVs, MPVs including trailers and caravans.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<div class=\"withicon\">\r\n<div class=\"icon\" data-svg=\"veh2\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"text\">\r\n<h5 class=\"feature_title\">Medium<\/h5>\r\n<p>Vans &gt;&nbsp;3,500&nbsp;kg, small buses, motorhomes, etc.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<div class=\"withicon\">\r\n<div class=\"icon\" data-svg=\"veh3\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"text\">\r\n<h5 class=\"feature_title\">Heavy<\/h5> \r\n<p>Lorries, coaches, large buses with three or more axles.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<div class=\"withicon\">\r\n<div class=\"icon\" data-svg=\"veh4\">\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"text\">\r\n<h5 class=\"feature_title\">Motorcycles<\/h5>\r\n<p>Powered two-wheelers<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h4>Speed<\/h4>\r\n<p>Roads are modelled at a constant speed, omitting the variation due to crossings with traffic lights or roundabouts.<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_road_crtn\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3>Road Method: CRTN-88 (UK, Australia)<\/h3>\r\n<h4>Using this prediction method<\/h4>\r\n<div id=\"guide_target_road_crtn_broadband\">\r\n<p>This method calculates a broadband level of the total dB(A). To combine with other spectral sources, only the overall, A-weighted level can be considered.<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n<a tabindex=\"0\" data-linkto=\"#broadband\">Read more about broadband levels<\/a>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"guide_target_road_crtn_l10\">\r\n<p>The result for this prediction method is the percentile sound level, L10. As it is a statistical level, <strong>it should not be combined<\/strong> with other sources of noise, unless <a tabindex=\"0\" data-linkto=\"#road_crtn_convert\">converted to Leq<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n<a tabindex=\"0\" data-linkto=\"#time_periods\">Read more about time periods and combining sources<\/a>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"guide_target_road_crtn_type\">\r\n<h4>\r\nRoad Surface<\/h4>\r\n<p>There are limited choices for the surface type. The result is similar for each, with a small correction applied.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"guide_target_road_crtn_class\">\r\n<h4>Vehicle Class<\/h4>\r\n<p>CRTN has two classes of vehicle: light and heavy.  Heavy vehicles are classified as \u201cunladen weight above 1,525kg\u201d.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"guide_target_road_crtn_speed\">\r\n<h4>Speed<\/h4>\r\n<p>The speed should be obtained by taking the mean value by measurement. CRTN-88 includes a table of speeds based on road classification, with an adjustment for upward gradient, however that has not been implemented.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\"><div id=\"guide_target_road_crtn_convert\">\r\n<h4 class=\"feature_title\">Convert to Leq<\/h4>\r\n<p>The statistical level (L10) is converted to the equivalent continuous sound level (Leq) value following Method 1 in an additional piece of guidance originally intended for calculating the Lden<sup>[1]<\/sup>, as recommended by the UK Highways Agency<sup>[2]<\/sup> and in BS 8233<sup>[3]<\/sup>.<\/p>\r\n<ul class=\"mini_ref\">\r\n<li>[1] TRL PR\/SE\/451\/02 - Converting The UK Traffic Noise Index LA10,18h to EU Noise Indices For Noise Mapping.\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>[2] LA 111 Revision 2 - Noise and vibration.\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>[3] BS 8233:2014 - Guidance on sound insulation and noise reduction for buildings.\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"guide_target_road_crtn_propagation\">\r\n<h4>\r\nUsing the CRTN propagation method<\/h4>\r\n<p>The propagation method has some key differences:\r\n<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\r\n<strong>Barrier attenuation<\/strong> is included but the options in the <b class=\"feature_title\">\"Global Settings\"<\/b> sidebar are ignored.<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<strong>Vertical edge diffraction<\/strong> around lateral sides is not included.<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<strong>Reflections<\/strong>&nbsp;are included, only up to the first order and with no obstacles along the reflected path. The reflected level is added to the direct path as a correction of up to  1.5dB, ignoring any reflection\/absorption coefficient value.<\/li>\r\n<li>The facade level, a correction of  2.5dB at 1m distance from a building, is omitted.<\/li>\r\n<li>Air absorption is not calculated.<\/li>\r\n<li>Ground effect results may be significantly different compared to other methods.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>These differences can be avoided by opting to use the <b class=\"feature_title\">\u201cGeneral Method\u201d<\/b> for propagation.  <a tabindex=\"0\" data-linkto=\"#road_propagation\">Read more<\/a>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"guide_page_limits\" class=\"page\" data-id=\"limits\">\n\t<h2>Limitations and assumptions<\/h2>\n\t<div class=\"panels\">\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_assumptions\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3>Assumptions used in calculations<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Noise sources behave as a point, line or plane and are far-field, where inherent directivity is minimal.<\/li><li>Screens are flat with no significant transmission of sound through or under the screen, i.e. not floating above the ground or with empty sections \/ perforations.<\/li>\r\n<li>There is no reverberant field.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_accuracy\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_accuracy\">\r\n<h3>Accuracy<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"important\">\r\n<p>It is essential to consider that modelling is only ever an estimate and real-world measurements may differ greatly.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p>The following table of accuracy is taken from ISO9613-2 based on tests without screening or reflections<\/p>\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th rowspan=\"2\">Average height of source and receiver<\/th>\r\n<th colspan=\"2\">Distance between source and receiver<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>0 - 100m<\/th>\r\n<th>100m - 1km<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>0 - 5m<\/th>\r\n<td> \u00b13dB<\/td>\r\n<td> \u00b13dB<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>5 - 30m<\/th>\r\n<td> \u00b11dB<\/td>\r\n<td> \u00b13dB<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h4>Degree of error<\/h4>\r\n<p>Computer modelling requires a simplification of real-world conditions into basic components.  For each simplification there will be a degree of error added to the model. It is recommended that you highlight where these simplifications have taken place.<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_met\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3>Suitable meteorological conditions <small>(ISO9613-2)<\/small>\r\n<\/h3>\r\n<p>Sound propagation is affected by variations in meteorological conditions. Below are suitable conditions taken from ISO9613-2.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Moderate downwind propagation. This is defined as a wind direction within an arc of 90 degrees with the wind blowing from source to receiver.<\/li>\r\n<li>Wind speed between approximately 1-5 m\/s, measured 3-11 m above the ground.<\/li>\r\n<li>A moderate ground-based temperature inversion, such as is common on clear, calm nights should not significantly affect accuracy.<\/li>\r\n<li>Alternatively, the average of varying meteorological conditions over months or years.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"guide_page_terms\" class=\"page\" data-id=\"terms\">\n\t<h2>Terms of use and your privacy<\/h2>\n\t<div class=\"panels\">\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\"><h3>Rights over using the model<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>The model is free to use for both private and commercial use but without any warranty.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>This is an approximate calculation tool to assist in understanding acoustics and noise mapping (sound level modelling).<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"important\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>It should not replace your own calculations and real-life measurements.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"\/users\/terms\">Full Terms of Service for Users<\/a><\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\"><h3>Privacy - what information is online?<\/h3>\r\n<p>The default storage method stores the settings of the model in the URL, which is loaded from the server when first visiting the site and each time the <b class=\"feature_title\">Short URL<\/b>  service is used. As the settings are stored in the URL, anyone with access to the URL will have permanent access to these settings.<\/p>\r\n<p>When the <b class=\"feature_title\">Local Storage<\/b> method is selected, the settings of the model are stored offline in the browser memory (similar to the cache) and will be lost if the site data is cleared.<br>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>We may sometimes use information about the general activity of the model to improve the service but we treat all modelling activity as confidential and will not pass this information on to third parties.<\/p>\r\n<p>The <strong>User Subscription<\/strong> service stores your account settings and library (snapshots, color schemes, sound levels and images) in our database. This data is never made available to other parties or used for any purpose outside the use of this tool by the registered account. You control this data and can <a href=\"https:\/\/noisetools.net\/users\/library\" target=\"_blank\">backup or remove<\/a> it from within your account at any time.<\/p>\r\n<h4>What happens to the data after the subscription ends?<\/h4>\r\n<p>All data is kept for 5 years from the date of the last expired subscription, after which it is permanently removed.<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"\/users\/privacy-policy\">Full Privacy Policy for Users<\/a>\r\n<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\"><h3>What information is stored locally? i.e. Cookies<\/h3>\r\n<p>\u201cCookies\u201d and other offline storage options are used for accessing your User Account and for storing your settings and models between sessions.  Cookies are not passed to any third-parties for any reason, including advertising.<\/p>\r\n<h4>What about Short URLs?<\/h4>\r\n<p>Short URLs are stored in a secure database without any publicly available index or editing method.  Please contact support to request removal from the database.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\"><h3>Calculations<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>The calculations are done client side, this means that they are not stored anywhere online but are generated by your computer each time you access the page.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_images\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3>Images<\/h3>\r\n<p>Images are referenced by their URL or filename.<\/p>\r\n<p>It is important that you do not reference images that breach license, copyright or legal restrictions and that you understand that the model will no longer have access to the image if it is removed.<\/p>\r\n<p>They are not automatically stored on our servers and are only temporarily cached on your computer when generating the model.<\/p>\r\n<h4 class=\"sub_only feature_title\">Upload Image<\/h4>\r\n<p>Local image files can be uploaded to your User Account to become accessible to others when you share the URL. \r\n<\/p>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\"><h3>Getting help<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>This tool is made freely available for you to use but unfortunately <span class=\"important\">we cannot offer free technical support<\/span> if you get stuck.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Please <a href=\"\/users\">sign up<\/a> to our subscription service to access technical support. <\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>We are keen to hear feedback.  Please <a href=\"\/contact\" target=\"_blank\">contact us<\/a> using the online form.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"guide_page_references\" class=\"page\" data-id=\"references\">\n\t<h2>References<\/h2>\n\t<div class=\"panels\">\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"guide_target_references_calc\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3>Calculations<\/h3>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\"><h3>Sound power levels<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/shop.bsigroup.com\/ProductDetail?pid=000000000030258086\">BS 5228-1:2009 A1:2014<\/a> \u2014 Code of practice for noise and vibration control on construction and open sites.<br>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<small><em>Permission to reproduce extracts from British Standards is granted by BSI Standards Limited (BSI). No other use of this material is permitted.  British Standards can be obtained in PDF or hard copy formats from the BSI online shop: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bsigroup.com\/Shop\">www.bsigroup.com\/Shop<\/a><\/em><\/small><\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\"><h3>Color scheme<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.coloringnoise.com\/\">Coloring Noise<\/a><\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"panel\"><h3>Javascript Libraries<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/snapsvg.io\/\">SnapSVG<\/a> (Object drawing)<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/threejs.org\/\">THREEjs<\/a> (3D View)<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/mapbox\/delaunator\">Delaunator<\/a> (Topography triangulation)<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/RaumZeit\/MarchingSquares.js\/tree\/master\">MarchingSquares.js<\/a> (Contour calculation)<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/gdsestimating\/dxf-parser\">DXF-Parser<\/a> (Object import)<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/pieroxy\/lz-string\">LZ-string<\/a> (URL compression)<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/parallax\/jsPDF\">jsPDF<\/a> (PDF output)<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id='dbmap_tooltips_content'>\n<h2>Tool Tips<\/h2>\n\n<div id=\"panel_tool_0\" class=\"panel toolpanel tippanel\" data-panel=\"0\"><div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n<h3>Select tool<\/h3>\r\n<p>Use this tool to select and move objects.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"touch\">\r\n<h4>Using your touchscreen<\/h4>\r\n<ul class=\"touch\">\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Touch and drag<\/span> objects to move or reshape.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h4>Using a mouse and keyboard<\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<ul class=\"mouse\">\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click<\/span> objects to toggle their various states.<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Right Click<\/span> objects to edit.<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click and drag<\/span> objects to move or reshape.\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Hold <span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Shift<\/span> to keep movement at right angles.<\/li>\r\n<li>Hold <span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Shift<\/span> to snap to other objects.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/dbmap\/images\/dbguide_snap_to_object3.png\" width=\"500\" height=\"300\" style=\"width:200px; height:auto;\" alt=\"\">\r\n<p class=\"caption\">Snap to other objects<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Shift and Click<\/span> to add or remove nodes from lines.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/dbmap\/images\/dbguide_add_remove_node3.png\" width=\"500\" height=\"300\" style=\"width:200px; height:auto;\" alt=\"\">\r\n<p class=\"caption\">Add or remove nodes<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>Hit <span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Esc<\/span> key to return to this tool while another tool is active.\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"panel_tool_1\" class=\"panel toolpanel tippanel\" data-panel=\"1\"><div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n<h3>Edit objects<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"touch\">\r\n<h4>Using your touchscreen<\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Tap<\/span> on an object to load its settings for editing.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h4>Using a mouse and keyboard<\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click<\/span> on an object to load its settings for editing.<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Right Click<\/span> to return to the Select tool.<br>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"panel_tool_2\" class=\"panel toolpanel tippanel\" data-panel=\"2\"><div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n<h3>Pan tool<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"touch\">\r\n<h4>Using your touchscreen<\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Touch and drag<\/span> to move around the model.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h4>Using a mouse and keyboard<\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click and drag<\/span> to move around the model.<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Right Click<\/span> to return to the Select tool.<\/li>\r\n<li>Hold <span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Ctrl<\/span> to activate this tool temporarily while other tools are active.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Note: You can also use the arrow keys to move around the model.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"panel_tool_3\" class=\"panel toolpanel tippanel\" data-panel=\"3\"><div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n<h3>Zoom tool<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"touch\">\r\n<h4>Using your touchscreen<\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Tap<\/span> to zoom in.<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Two-finger tap<\/span> to zoom out.<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Touch and drag<\/span> to draw zoom area.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"touch\">\r\n<p>Note: You can also pinch to zoom.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h4>Using a mouse and keyboard<\/h4>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click<\/span> to zoom in.<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Right click<\/span> or <span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Shift<\/span>   <span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click<\/span> to zoom out.<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click and drag<\/span> to draw zoom area.<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Alt<\/span> <span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click<\/span> to fit all objects in the browser window. <span class=\"svg\" data-svg=\"full\">\r\n<\/span>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Note: You can also zoom using the scale-bar on the left of the screen or with your mouse wheel.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"panel_tool_6\" class=\"panel toolpanel tippanel\" data-panel=\"6\"><div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n<h3>Draw noise map area<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click and drag<\/span> or <span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click<\/span> two points to set the noise map area.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n<h4>Using the select tool<\/h4>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click and drag<\/span> the border or corner nodes to reposition.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"panel_tool_7\" class=\"panel toolpanel tippanel\" data-panel=\"7\"><div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n<h3>Draw cross section<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click and drag<\/span> or <span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click<\/span> two points to draw a new section line.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"javascript:void(0)\" tabindex=\"0\" data-linkto=\"#section\">More information can be found in the guide<\/a>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n<h4>Using the select tool<\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click and drag<\/span> the end nodes or the center line to reposition.<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click<\/span> the line to reverse the direction.<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click<\/span> on a ray-receiver line or accessory line to set the cross section to fit this line.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"panel_add_p\" class=\"panel toolpanel tippanel\" data-panel=\"p\"><div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Add a point source<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click<\/span> anywhere to insert a point source<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4>What is a point source?<\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>This is a source of noise that radiates from a single point and in all directions in a spherical shape.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4>Using the select tool<\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"no_mobile\"><span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click<\/span> on a source once to disable it<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click and drag<\/span> to move it around.<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"panel_add_l\" class=\"panel toolpanel tippanel\" data-panel=\"l\"><div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n<h3>Add a line source<\/h3>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click and drag<\/span> to draw a single line section<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click<\/span> successively to draw a line source with multiple sections.\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Right click<\/span> or <span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Double click<\/span> to end the line.<\/li>\r\n<li>Alternatively <span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click<\/span> the start point to make it an area source.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n<h4>What is a line\/area source?<\/h4>\r\n<p>A line source radiates sound in a cylindrical shape. An area source, also called a plane source, radiates sound equally from across its surface.<br>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"javascript:void(0)\" tabindex=\"0\" data-linkto=\"#linesource\">More information can be found in the guide<\/a>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n<h4>Using the select tool<\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li class=\"no_mobile\">\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click<\/span> on the middle of a line\/area source to disable it.<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click and drag<\/span> to move it around.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"panel_add_t\" class=\"panel toolpanel tippanel\" data-panel=\"t\"><div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n<h3>Add a road<\/h3>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click and drag<\/span> to draw a single line<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click<\/span> successively to draw a line with multiple sections<ul>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Right click<\/span> or <span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Double click<\/span> to finish the line<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n<h4>What is a road?<\/h4>\r\n<p>Estimate the sound level of vehicles on a road by inputting vehicle count, speed and road surface type.  The <b class=\"feature_title\">Global Settings<\/b> sidebar allows you to modify the guidance that is used for estimating the sound level.\r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"javascript:void(0)\" tabindex=\"0\" data-linkto=\"#road_method\">More information can be found in the guide<\/a>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"panel_add_b\" class=\"panel toolpanel tippanel\" data-panel=\"b\"><div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n<h3>Add a barrier<\/h3>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click and drag<\/span> to draw a single barrier<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click<\/span> successively to draw a barrier with multiple sections.\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Right click<\/span> or <span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Double click<\/span> to end the barrier.<\/li>\r\n<li>Alternatively <span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click<\/span> the start point <span class=\"img_number_ref\">1<\/span> to make it a building.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/dbmap\/images\/dbguide_close_object3.png\" width=\"500\" height=\"300\" style=\"width:200px; height:auto;\">\r\n<p class=\"caption\">Use the start point to draw a building<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n<h4>What is a barrier?<\/h4>\r\n<p>This is an acoustic screen that can attenuate a sound path and reflect them, such as walls and solid fences.<\/p>\r\n<p>It is not currently possible to model floating barriers or ceilings.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n<h4>Using the select tool<\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li class=\"no_mobile\">\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click<\/span> on the middle of a barrier to disable it.<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click and drag<\/span> to move it around.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"panel_add_c\" class=\"panel toolpanel tippanel\" data-panel=\"c\"><div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n<h3>Add a building<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click and drag<\/span> to draw the dimensions of a four-sided building<\/li>\r\n<li>Use <span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Shift<\/span> to keep it at right angles<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>To draw buildings with more than four sides, use the <b class=\"feature_title\">Add Barrier<\/b> tool.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n<h4>What is special about buildings?<\/h4>\r\n<p>These are the same as barriers except that internal walls are ignored and the area within is not calculated.<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n<b>Sloping roofs<\/b> can be added to any buildings with four parallel sides. All other buildings have roofs that are flat and perfectly horizontal.<\/p><p>The building height is relative to the ground height at the first point. <a href=\"javascript:void(0)\" tabindex=\"0\" data-linkto=\"#inspecth\">More information can be found in the guide<\/a>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"panel_add_zone\" class=\"panel toolpanel tippanel\" data-panel=\"zone\"><div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n<h3>Add a zone<\/h3>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click and drag<\/span> to draw the dimensions of a four-sided zone<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click<\/span> successively to draw a zone with a more complex shape<ul>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Right click<\/span> or <span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Double click<\/span> to finish the zone<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n<h4>What is a zone?<\/h4>\r\n<p>This is used for marking an area of ground that differs from default ground factor.&nbsp; Alternatively for modelling the approximate attenuation from foliage or industrial installations, following the calculation method of ISO9613-2.<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"javascript:void(0)\" tabindex=\"0\" data-linkto=\"#zones\">More information can be found in the guide<\/a>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"panel_add_r\" class=\"panel toolpanel tippanel\" data-panel=\"r\"><div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<h3>Add a receiver<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<li><span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click<\/span> anywhere to insert a decibel level receiver<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4>What is a receiver?<\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>This is a marker where the total decibel noise level is calculated at the specified height along with an optional frequency spectrum graph.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4>Using the select tool<\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"no_mobile\"><span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click<\/span> on a receiver to toggle the frequency graph display<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click and drag<\/span> to move it around.<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"panel_add_rr\" class=\"panel toolpanel tippanel\" data-panel=\"rr\"><div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n<h3>Add a ray-receiver<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click<\/span> anywhere to insert a ray-receiver<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n<h4>What is a ray-receiver?<\/h4>\r\n<p>All sources of noise will have lines drawn directly to these receivers to indicate sound propagation paths or \"rays\".<\/p>\r\n<p>When showing <b class=\"feature_title\">waves<\/b>, the wavelength is drawn to scale.<\/p>\r\n<p>When showing <b class=\"feature_title\">rays<\/b>, the dashes represent different frequency bands.<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"javascript:void(0)\" tabindex=\"0\" data-linkto=\"#inspect\">More information can be found in the guide<\/a>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n<h4>Using the select tool<\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li class=\"no_mobile\">\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click<\/span> on a ray-receiver to disable it<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click and drag<\/span> to move it around.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"panel_add_a\" class=\"panel toolpanel tippanel\" data-panel=\"a\"><div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n<h3>Add an accessory line<\/h3>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click and drag<\/span> to draw a single line<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click<\/span> successively to draw a line with multiple sections.\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Right click<\/span> or <span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Double click<\/span> to end the line.<\/li>\r\n<li>Alternatively <span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click<\/span> the start point to make it an area.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n<h4>What is an accessory line?<\/h4>\r\n<p>These lines can be used for measuring distances or simply for illustration.<\/p>\r\n<p>You can also convert between accessory lines and other objects.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n<h4>Using the select tool<\/h4>\r\n<ul><li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click and drag<\/span> to move it around.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"panel_add_bmp\" class=\"panel toolpanel tippanel\" data-panel=\"bmp\"><div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n<h3>Add an image or map<\/h3>\r\n<ol>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click<\/span> to insert an image file or Google Map.<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Drag and drop<\/span> image files into the browser window.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"javascript:void(0)\" tabindex=\"0\" data-linkto=\"#images\">More information can be found in the guide<\/a>\r\n<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n<h4>Using the select tool<\/h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Maps will be inserted to scale. <span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click and drag<\/span> to reposition.<\/li>\r\n<li>Images will need to be resized. Use the <b class=\"feature_title\">\"Calculate Scale\"<\/b> option or the handles for resizing and rotating:<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/dbmap\/images\/dbguide_bmp_handles2.png\" width=\"600\" height=\"240\" style=\"width:300px; height:auto;\" alt=\"\">\r\n<p class=\"caption\">Example of the handles<\/p>\r\n<p>When rotating, hold the <span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Shift<\/span> key to constrain to right angles<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"panel_add_gh\" class=\"panel toolpanel tippanel\" data-panel=\"gh\"><h3>Add a ground height point<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<li><span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click<\/span> anywhere to insert a height point<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4>What is a ground height point?<\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>This defines the ground height at a point and is used for triangulating ground topography and creating slopes.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\" tabindex=\"0\" data-linkto=\"#ground\">More information can be found in the guide<\/a><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"panel_add_gl\" class=\"panel toolpanel tippanel\" data-panel=\"gl\"><div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Add a ground height line<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<ol>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click and drag<\/span> to draw a single line<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Click<\/span> successively to draw a line with multiple sections.\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Right click<\/span> or <span class=\"key_or_mouse\">Double click<\/span> to end the line.<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ol>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"collapsible_tip\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4>What is a ground height line?<\/h4>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>This defines the ground height along the line and is used for triangulating ground topography and creating slopes.<\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\" tabindex=\"0\" data-linkto=\"#ground\">More information can be found in the guide<\/a><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<link href=\"\/dbmap\/css\/dbmap_guide-min.css\" rel='stylesheet' type='text\/css' media='screen, print' \/>\n<script src=\"\/dbmap\/js\/jquery-3.6.0.min.js\" defer><\/script>\n<script src=\"\/dbmap\/js\/snap.svg-min.js\" defer><\/script>\n<script src=\"\/users\/wp-content\/plugins\/dbmap_user\/dbmap-lang-js.php?lang=&v=1.8\" defer><\/script>\n<script src=\"\/dbmap\/dbmap-js\/dbmap-min.js\" type='module'><\/script>\n<script>\n\twindow.addEventListener('load', () => {\n\t\tdBmap()\n\t})\n\t\/\/ 'click here for more' buttons\n\tdocument.querySelectorAll('[data-linkto]').forEach(function(e){\n\t\te.addEventListener('click', () => {\n\t\t\tconst target = e.dataset.linkto\n\t\t\t\/\/ starts with # ? is item : is page\n\t\t\tconst f=document.getElementById(target.substr(0,1)==='#' ? 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